Friedrich Kettler (Latvian: Fridrihs Ketlers, 25 November 1569 in Mitau (now Jelgava) – 17 August 1642) was Duke of Courland and Semigallia (Latvian: Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste, now part of Latvia) from 1587 to 1642.
He was the son of Gotthard Kettler, the first Duke of Courland.
Until 1617, he ruled only the eastern Zemgale (Semigallia) portion of the duchy, while his younger brother, Wilhelm Kettler, ruled the western Courland portion.
Friedrich ruled the entire duchy from 1617 onward, after his brother emigrated due to conflicts with the nobility.