Octave Joseph Duboscq (30 October 1868, Rouen – 18 February 1943, Nice) was a French zoologist, mycologist and parasitologist.
He obtained doctorates in medicine (1894) and sciences (1899) at the University of Caen.
From 1904 to 1923, he was chair of zoology at the University of Montpellier, afterwards attaining the chair of marine biology at the Sorbonne.