Olivier Robitaille (December 3, 1811 – November 3, 1896) was a physician and businessman in Lower Canada.
He was the 8th mayor of Quebec City from January 22, 1856 to January 19, 1857.
He was born in Quebec City in 1811, the son of carpenter Étienne Robitaille and his wife Marie Moisan.
He received his doctorate degree in medicine (MD) from Harvard University in 1838, was qualified to practice in Lower Canada later that year and set up practice in Quebec City.
He also served as visiting physician for the Marine and Emigrant Hospital, serving on its board, and was physician for the Quebec jail.
Although sympathetic to the Patriote cause, he did not take part in the Lower Canada Rebellion.
He was elected to city council in 1851, serving until 1856.
Robitaille was selected as mayor by the members of city council in 1856; during his term in office, a bill was passed in the legislative assembly allowing citizens to elect their mayor.