Herman Eugene Talmadge (August 9, 1913 – March 21, 2002) was a Democratic American politician who served as a U.S.
Senator from Georgia from 1957 to 1981.
A staunch segregationist and a controversial figure, he was censured by the Senate for financial irregularities, which were revealed during a bitter divorce from his second wife.
He previously served as governor of the state from 1948 to 1955, taking over after the death of his father Eugene Talmadge, the governor-elect.
Talmadge was well known for his opposition to civil rights, ordering schools to be closed rather than desegregated.The younger Talmadge had been a write-in candidate and was one of three competitors serving briefly as the 70th Governor of Georgia before yielding to a court decision in favor of the elected lieutenant governor.
Talmadge was elected as governor in a special election in 1948, and elected again to a full term in 1950, serving into 1955.
After leaving office, Talmadge was elected in 1956 to the U.S.
Senate, serving four terms from 1957 until 1981.
He gained considerable power over the decades.
He gained chairmanship by seniority of the powerful Senate Agriculture Committee.
After being censured by the Senate in 1979 for financial irregularities, Talmadge lost the 1980 general election to Republican Mack Mattingly.
Talmadge, who became governor as a political novice at just age 33, supported the passage of a statewide sales-tax and the construction of new schools.
Talmadge supported infrastructure improvements and increased teachers' salaries.
He tried unsuccessfully to undo the reforms of his progressive predecessor.
In the Senate, he dealt mainly with issues relating to farmers and rural Americans.
He remains a controversial figure in Georgia history, especially due to his opposition to civil rights, and although some Georgians praised him for his infrastructure improvements brought about by the passage of the sales tax, historians often rank him as a below-average governor and senator.