Claiborne Fox Jackson (April 4, 1806 – December 6, 1862) was an American politician who was the 15th Governor of Missouri from January 3, 1861, until his deposition on July 31, 1861.
A successful manufacturing chemist, Jackson became heavily involved in the Democratic party and served twelve years in the Missouri House of Representatives, before being elected to the State Senate in 1848.
In the run-up to the Civil War, he claimed to be anti-secession, in order to get elected Governor, but was secretly planning a secessionist coup in league with Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
When Union troops in St.
Louis jailed the local militia, fighting broke out and Jackson declared Missouri to be a free republic.
In July however, the Unionist members of the Missouri State Legislature voted to remove him from office.
However, Jackson refused to accept the action as valid.
In November 1861, the Confederacy recognised Missouri as its twelfth state, but the Union was increasingly dominant, and Jackson and his colleagues fled south to the Confederate state of Arkansas, pending a new invasion.
Before this could happen, Jackson died of stomach cancer at Little Rock.