Count Sergei Lvovich Tolstoy (Russian: ?????? ??????? ???????; 10 July 1863, Yasnaya Polyana – 23 December 1947, Moscow) was a composer and ethnomusicologist who was among the first Europeans to make an in-depth study of the music of India.
He was also an associate of the Sufi mystic, Inayat Khan, and participated in helping the Doukhobors move to Canada.