German Arsenievich Goncharov [Russian: ???????? ?????? ??????????] (8 July 1928 – 7 September 2009) was a Russian nuclear physicist, engineer and mathematician.
He was a key member of the theoretical team which developed and tested Soviet thermonuclear weapons from 1952 and he led a theoretical department at the Soviet nuclear research facility at Arzamas-16 from 1967 to 2004.