Hiroko Takenishi (?? ??, Takenishi Hiroko, Hiroshima, 11 April 1929 -) is a Japanese fiction writer and literary critic.
Takenishi is best known for her semi-autobiographical short story "The Rite" (1963), which tells of her experience surviving the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima.
In 2012 she was named a Person of Cultural Merit for her writing.