Galina Anatolevna Pugachenkova (7 February 1915 – 18 February 2007) was a Soviet archaeologist and art historian, regarded as a founder of Uzbek archaeology and central to the progression of archaeology and art history under Soviet regimes.Her work has contributed greatly to the register of surviving buildings in Central Asia and in many cases was the first register of traditional surviving buildings.
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Pugachenkova directed a branch of the archaeological expedition of southern Turkmenistan from 1946-1961, and of the Uzbek historical-artistic expedition from 1959 to 1984.
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Pugachenkova is still considered the world leader of women researchers of all time.