Nikolai Rozhkov (1868–1927) (Russian: ??????? ??????) was a Russian historian who became an active revolutionary in the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (R.S.D.L.P.).
In 1905 Rozhkov joined the Bolshevik faction of the R.S.D.L.P.
At the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party he was elected as a full member of the Central Committee.
However by 1907 he had fallen out with Lenin who maintained for him an enduring hatred.