Chelyshev (Russian: ??????? ???????? ???????, born 27 October 1921) is a Russian indologist, academician and public figure.
He is a full-time member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1987), and he was the Academician-Secretary of the Department of Literature and Language Sciences (1988–2002), and a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
He was awarded two Orders of the Red Star (1944, 1949), Order of the Patriotic War II degree (1985), Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV Degree (1997), III degree (2007), Order of Honour (2012).