Count Alexander Petrovich Izvolsky or Iswolsky (Russian: ??????´??? ?????´??? ????´??????, 18 March [O.S.
6 March] 1856, Moscow – 16 August 1919, Paris) was a Russian diplomat remembered as a major architect of Russia's alliance with Great Britain during the years leading to the outbreak of the First World War.
As Foreign Minister, he assented to the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 in exchange for Austrian support for the opening of the Turkish Straits to Russian warships.
The result was the Bosnian Crisis of 1908–1909, in which the Straits were not opened.
Izvolsky was publicly humiliated and destroyed by the debacle and dismissed from office in 1910.