Anatol Vieru (Romanian pronunciation: [ana'tol vi'eru]; 8 June 1926 – 8 October 1998) was a music theoretician, influential pedagogue, and a leading Romanian-Jewish composer of the 20th century.
A pupil of Aram Khachaturian, he composed seven symphonies, eight string quartets, numerous concertos, and much chamber music.
He also wrote three operas: Iona (1976), Praznicul Calicilor (1981), and Telegrame, Tema si Variatiuni (1983).