James Joseph McArthur (9 May 1856 – 14 April 1925) was a Canadian surveyor and mountaineer who was the first to climb several peaks in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.
Two mountains and a lake are named after him, and he gave names to various other features.
He was a pioneer in the use of photography for surveying, under the direction of the Surveyor General, Édouard-Gaston Deville.
He did extensive work on surveying the borders between Canada and the United States in the Yukon and west of Lake Superior.