James Henderson Nicoll FRCS(G), JP (30 September 1863 – 15 August 1921) was a Scottish paediatric surgeon and professor of surgery at Anderson's University.
Nicoll was a pioneer of pediatrics, particularly regarding the care of children both in the hospital and after discharge.
Nicoll was most notable for developing a surgical cure for Pyloric stenosis and outpatient care of children with Spina bifida, and was known as the Father of Day Surgery.