Jean-Baptiste Philippe Ouédraogo (born 30 June 1942), also referred to by his initials JBO, is a Burkinabé physician and retired military officer who served as President of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 8 November 1982 to 4 August 1983.
He has since mediated a few national political disputes and operates a clinic in Somgandé.
Ouédraogo received his early education in Upper Volta before joining the Upper Voltan Army and studying medicine abroad.
After working in healthcare he was appointed chief medical officer of the Ouagadougou military camp.
He participated in the November 1982 coup d'état in Upper Volta and shortly thereafter assumed the presidency.
More ideologically moderate than most of his comrades, Ouédraogo did not command much popular support and governed the country amid an unstable political climate.
A protracted dispute with Prime Minister Thomas Sankara resulted in his removal from power in a coup in August 1983 and imprisonment.
He was released in 1985 and resumed medical work.
He opened a clinic in Somgandé in 1992, which he still operates.
In the 2010s he acted as a mediator between opposing political factions.