Hermann Rudolph Schaum (29 April 1819 in Glauchau (formerly Glachau) – 15 September 1865 in Bonn) was a professor in Berlin and an entomologist.
He specialised in Coleoptera.
Up until 1847, he worked as a general practitioner in Stettin, afterwards traveling to England, North America and Egypt, where he accumulated an impressive collection of insects.
He later served as a professor of entomology at the University of Berlin.
On September 15, 1865, he died in Bonn from consequences of a stroke.The beetle species Diochus schaumi is named after him.
Schaum was a Member of the Entomological Society of Stettin.