Princess Margaretha of Saxony, Duchess of Saxony (German: Prinzessin Margaretha Karoline Friederike Cecilie Auguste Amalie Josephine Elisabeth Maria Johanna von Sachsen, Herzogin zu Sachsen) (24 May 1840 – 15 September 1858) was the eighth child and fifth eldest daughter of John of Saxony and his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria and a younger sister of Albert of Saxony and George of Saxony.
She was born in Dresden, then in the Kingdom of Saxony.
Through her marriage to Archduke Charles Louis of Austria, Margaretha was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess and Princess of Austria and Princess of Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, and Tuscany.