In Gambetta's cabinet (1881–1882) he was minister of the fine arts, and in the Chamber of Deputies] he was regularly commissioned to draw up the budget for the fine arts, after the separate department had ceased to exist.
Prosecuted in connection with the Panama scandals, he was acquitted in 1893.
From this time he lived in the closest retirement.
On 20 March 1905 he shot himself in the head, dying of the wound two days later.He was not related to Marcel Proust, the famous writer.