Janet Backhouse (8 February 1938 – 3 November 2004) was a manuscripts curator and a leading authority in the field of illuminated manuscripts.
Backhouse was born in Corsham, Wiltshire, and was educated at Stonar School and Bedford College, London.
In 1962 she joined the British Museum's Department of Manuscripts as an Assistant Keeper.
In 1998 she retired from the British Library (as it had since become) as Curator of Illuminated Manuscripts.
By the end of her career "she had established an international reputation as one of the foremost scholars in her field".A festschrift, Illuminating the Book: Makers and Interpreters: Essays in Honour of Janet Backhouse, was published on the occasion of her retirement, edited by Michelle P.