Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era.
He served as head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.
Following the end of the war, Kappler stood trial in Italy and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
He escaped from prison shortly before his death in West Germany in 1978.