Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia (26 September 1921 – 2 November 1996) was a Uruguayan doctor who pioneered the field of maternal-fetal medicine, or perinatology.
His research with Dr.
Hermógenes Alvarez created Montevideo units, a measure of uterine performance during labor.
He was a founding editor of the Journal of Perinatal Medicine, a widely published author, a lecturer, and as of 2010 the only Uruguayan to be nominated for a Nobel Prize.