Nicolae Filimon (Romanian pronunciation: [niko'la.e fili'mon]; 6 September 1819 – 19 March 1865) was a Wallachian Romanian novelist and short-story writer, remembered as the author of the first Realist novel in Romanian literature, Ciocoii vechi si noi ("The Old and the New Parvenus"), which was centered on the self-seeking figure Dinu Paturica (who drew comparisons with Stendhal's Julien Sorel).
He was also a noted travel writer, folklorist, musician, and the first musical critic in his country.