Oliver Cromwell Cox (24 August 1901 – 4 September 1974) was a Trinidadian-American sociologist noted for his early Marxist viewpoint on fascism.
He was a founding father of the world-systems perspective, an important scholar of racism and its relationship to the development and spread of global capitalism, and a member of the Chicago school of sociology He was the son of William Raphael and Virginia Blake Cox.
His father worked as a captain of a revenue schooner, and later on as a customs and excise officer.