Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Date of Death
TweetLuís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias
Brazilian hero and politician
Date of Birth: 
Place of Birth: Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
About Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias
- Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (25 August 1803 – 7 May 1880), nicknamed "the Peacemaker" and "Iron Duke", was an army officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil.
- Like his father and uncles, Caxias pursued a military career.
- In 1823 he fought as a young officer in the Brazilian War for Independence against Portugal, then spent three years in Brazil's southernmost province, Cisplatina, as the government unsuccessfully resisted that province's secession in the Cisplatine War.
- Though his own father and uncles renounced Emperor Dom Pedro I during the protests of 1831, Caxias remained loyal.
- Pedro I abdicated in favor of his young son Dom Pedro II, whom Caxias instructed in swordsmanship and horsemanship and eventually befriended. During Pedro II's minority the governing regency faced countless rebellions throughout the country.
- Again breaking with his father and other relatives sympathetic to the rebels, from 1839 to 1845 Caxias commanded loyalist forces suppressing such uprisings as the Balaiada, the Liberal rebellions of 1842 and the Ragamuffin War.
- In 1851, under his command, the Brazilian army prevailed against the Argentine Confederation in the Platine War; a decade later Caxias, as army marshal (the army's highest rank), led Brazilian forces to victory in the Paraguayan War.
- As a reward he was raised to the titled nobility, becoming successively a baron, count, and marquis, finally becoming the only person created duke during Pedro II's 58-year reign. In the early 1840s Caxias became a member of the Reactionary Party, which evolved into the Party of Order and finally the Conservative Party.
- He was elected senator in 1846.
- The Emperor appointed him president of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) in 1856; he briefly held that office again in 1861, but fell when his party lost its parliamentary majority.
- Over the decades Caxias witnessed the growth and zenith of his party, then its slow decline as internal conflict divided it.
- In 1875, he headed a cabinet for the last time, and after years of failing health he died in May 1880. In the years after his death and mainly following the downfall of the Brazilian monarchy, Caxias' reputation was initially overshadowed by that of Manuel Luís Osório, Marquis of Erval, but with time surpassed even Erval's renown.
- In 1925 his birthday was established as the Day of the Soldier, a day of honor for the Brazilian army.
- On 13 March 1962 he was officially designated the army's protector—?its soldierly ideal and the most important figure in its tradition.
- Historians have regarded Caxias positively, several ranking him as the greatest of Brazil's military officers.
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See Also
- Famous People's Birthdays on 25 August, Brazil
- Famous People's Birthdays in August, Brazil
- Famous military personnel's Birthdays on 25 August, Brazil
- Famous military personnel's Birthdays in August, Brazil
- Famous politician's Birthdays on 25 August, Brazil
- Famous politician's Birthdays in August, Brazil
Image Author, Source and License
Author: Goupil
Source:
Library of Congress (Illus. in: CAMPOS, Padre Joaquim Pinto de, Vida do grande cidadão brasileiro Luís Alves de Lima e Silva. 1878, front.)
License: CC-PD-Mark
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This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division
under the digital ID cph.3a03345. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.
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Library of Congress (Illus. in: CAMPOS, Padre Joaquim Pinto de, Vida do grande cidadão brasileiro Luís Alves de Lima e Silva. 1878, front.)
License: CC-PD-Mark
More Details