Prior to this, he served as a Senator (1955β1975), Minister of Work and Public Works (1954β1958), Work and Mines (1958β1961), Home Affairs, Work and Immigration (1961), Home Affairs, Education and Arts and Sciences (1961β1966), Education, Arts and Sciences and Information (1966β1967) and National Education (1968β1969), and President of the Senate from 1969 to 1976.