René Semelaigne (12 December 1855 – 16 November 1934) was a French psychiatrist and biographer born in Neuilly-sur-Seine.
He was the son of psychiatrist Armand Semelaigne (1820–1898) and a great-nephew of Philippe Pinel (1745-1826).
As a psychiatrist, he served as director of the Maison de santé de la Folie Saint-James à Neuilly.
He is remembered for his historical studies of psychiatry, being the author of three well-regarded works:
Les grands aliénistes français (1894) - The great French alienists.
Involves biographical studies of Pinel, Esquirol, Ferrus, Falret, Voisin and Georget.
Aliénistes et philanthropes.
Les Pinel et les Tuke (1912) - Alienists and philanthropists.
Pinel and Tuke.
Les pionniers de la psychiatrie française avant et après Pinel - The pioneers of French psychiatry before and after Pinel; Volume 1, Paris, JB Bailliere and Son, 1930 and Volume 2, 1932.
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