August Franz Josef Karl Mayer (2 November 1787 in Schwäbisch Gmünd – 9 November 1865 in Bonn) was a German anatomist and physiologist.
He received his education at the University of Tübingen, obtaining his doctorate in 1812.
Afterwards, he worked as a prosector at the Academy of Bern, where in 1815 he was named a professor of anatomy and physiology.
From 1819 to 1856 he was a professor at the University of Bonn.
Among his better known students at Bonn were Johannes Peter Müller and Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff.His name is associated with a female reproductive disorder known today as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH); named in conjunction with Carl von Rokitansky, Hermann Küster and Georges André Hauser.