Mathurin Auguste Balthasar Barbereau (born 14 November 1799 in Paris – 14 July 1879 ibid) was a French composer and music theorist.
He entered the Conservatoire de Paris in 1810 and was awarded numerous times.
He was awarded with the Prix de Rome in 1824 for his cantata Agnes Sorel, with text by Pierre-Ange Vieillard, publishing it shortly thereafter.
He conducted many orchestras in several theaters, especially the Teatre Italià between 1836-38.
Many times he replaced Anton Reicha, who had been his teacher in the class of composition of the Conservatory.
Among his disciples are Ambroise Thomas and Ernest Guiraud.