Thomas William Webb and assisted with the compilation of the famous book Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes; after Webb's death in 1885 he published expanded 5th and 6th editions of it.
He discovered many nebulas, variable stars, and more than 2500 double stars.
He made many observations of the spectra of stars, and in particular he also did extensive searches for red stars (especially in his early career) and published a catalogue of them.
He became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society on 11 January 1878.
He was awarded the Jackson-Gwilt Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1913.
He discovered Nova Lacertae 1910.
His other amateur scientific interests included botany, geology and the study of X rays; his study of fossils caused him to disbelieve Darwin's theory of evolution.
In 1888 he became Vicar of Tow Law and held this post until his death.
He also served as a county magistrate for 35 years beginning in 1891 and was Chairman of Stanhope and Wolsingham Sessions.
He never married.
The crater Espin on the Moon is named after him.