Oswald Schmiedeberg (10 October 1838 – 12 July 1921) was a Baltic German pharmacologist.
In 1866 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Dorpat with a thesis concerning the measurement of chloroform in blood, before becoming the first professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg, where he remained for 46 years.
In 1911, he testified in the United States v.
Forty Barrels & Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola trial, and later, was a major factor in the success of the German pharmaceutical industry prior to the Second World War, having trained most of the European professors at the time.