István Bárány (20 December 1907 – 21 February 1995) was a Hungarian swimmer who competed at the 1924, 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics.
In 1924 he was twelfth in the 100 m freestyle.
Four years later he won a silver medal in 100 m freestyle and was fourth in the 4×200 m freestyle relay.
In 1932, he won a bronze medal in the 4×200 m freestyle relay and was eliminated in a semifinal of 100 m freestyle.Between 1926 and 1931 Bárány won four European titles.
In 1929 he became the second person, after Johnny Weissmuller, to swim 100 m within a minute.
Bárány held a PhD in law and political science.
From 1957 to 1959 he served as the general secretary of the Hungarian Swimming Association.
He was also a national coach and an international referee and wrote more than 30 books on swimming.
In 1978 he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.