From 1877 until 1883 he taught midwifery at the Frauenklinik in Leipzig, and afterwards succeeded Franz von Winckel (1837-1911) as director of the Dresden Royal Gynecological Infirmary.
Leopold is remembered for the eponymous "Leopold maneuvers" (Leopold-Handgriffe), which are four classic maneuvers used to determine the position of the fetus within the uterus.
Beginning in 1894 he was co-editor of the Archiv für Gynäkologie with Adolf Gusserow (1836-1906).