Elise Richter (March 2, 1865 – June 23, 1943) was a Viennese philologist and the only woman at any Austrian university, pre-World War I, to hold an academic appointment.
Persecuted by Nazi officials during World War II, she was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia in October 1942, and died there in June 1943.