Roeder (born June 3, 1942, in Boonville, Indiana, United States) is an American biologist.
He is known as a pioneer in eukaryotic transcription.
He is the recipient of the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2000 and the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 2003.
He currently serves as Arnold and Mabel Beckman Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Biology at The Rockefeller University.