Xia Peisu or Pei-su Hsia (Chinese: ???; 28 July 1923 – 27 August 2014) was a Chinese computer scientist and educator known for her pioneering research in computer science and technology.
The leading developer of Model 107, China's first indigenously designed general-purpose electronic computer, she has been called the "Mother of Computer Science in China".
She and her husband Yang Liming were both elected academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991.
In 2010, she was honoured with the inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award from the China Computer Federation.