(October 28, 1876 – May 5, 1968), born Blanche Rosalie Slaughter, was an American physician and surgeon.
In addition to running her own medical practices, she co-founded the American Women's Hospitals Service, worked as a medic during the First World War, and was the first chairperson of the Public Health Education Committee.
Morton was one of the first female members of faculty at the Polyclinic Hospital of New York, and the first at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University.Born in Lynchburg, Virginia, Morton studied at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania despite her family's expectation that she would only aim to find a husband who could provide for her.
She went on to further study and research across Europe and Asia before returning to the United States to open her own medical practices.
Morton received a number of awards during her career, including the Joan of Arc medal, and Rosalie Morton Park in Belgrade is named in her honor.
In 1937 she published an autobiography – A Woman Surgeon: The Life and Work of Rosalie Slaughter Morton, and in 1940 released a second book titled A Doctor's Holiday in Iran.