Karel Urbánek (born 22 March 1941 in Bojkovice, Moravia) is a retired Czech politician.
He was the last leader of Communist Czechoslovakia during the Velvet Revolution.
A former Bojkovice railway station manager, he replaced Miloš Jakeš as Secretary General of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia after a swift election on 24 November 1989.
The only important decision he made during his very short term was to cancel the clause of the Constitution which gave the Communist Party a monopoly of power, though Communist rule had effectively ended with Jakeš' resignation.
He remained as party leader until 20 December, when he was succeeded by Ladislav Adamec.