Henryk Arctowski (15 July 1871 – 21 February 1958; Polish pronunciation: ['x?nr?k art?s't?fsk?i]), born Henryk Artzt, was a Polish scientist and explorer.
Living in exile for a large part of his life, he was one of the first persons to winter in Antarctica and became an internationally renowned meteorologist.
He was instrumental in restoring Polish independence after the First World War.
Several geographical features, the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station and a medal of the National Academy of Sciences are named in his honor.