Thompson (born January 7, 1939 in Detroit, Michigan) is a biblical scholar and theologian.
He was professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen from 1993 to 2009, lives in Denmark, and is now a Danish citizen.
Thompson is a part of the minimalist movement known as the Copenhagen School, a group of scholars who hold that the Bible cannot be used as a source to determine the history of ancient Israel, and that "Israel" itself is a problematic concept.