Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz, better known as Oswaldo Cruz (Portuguese pronunciation: [oz'vawdu 'k?us]; August 5, 1872 in São Luís do Paraitinga, São Paulo province, Brazil – February 11, 1917 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state), was a Brazilian physician, pioneer bacteriologist, epidemiologist and public health officer and the founder of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute.He occupied the fifth chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1912 until his death in 1917.